conjections, connectors and discourse markers-F_I
| For instance | For this reason | From now on | Furthermore | Generally speaking |
| Hence | However | In accordance with | In addition | In case |
| In conclusion | In connection with | In contrast to | In fact | In my opinion |
| In order that | In other words | In short | In spite of | In summary |
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For instance
| for example. | Mesela, örneğin. | You may have questions which you wish to raise. For instance, who will oversee your work and how will feedback be given?:
They intend to provide information, via the Internet for instance. |
_For this reason
| _therefore | _bu nedenle. | _He was dismissed from the company; for this reason, he was penniles |
_From now on
| _starting at a particular time and continuing to happen. | _Şu andan itibaren | _The new rules will apply to all members from now on.:
From now on, I will keep a closer eye on you, watching every step you make. |
_Furthermore
| _used before a statement that is connected to what you have just said and adds something to it. | _bundan başka, dahası. | _Mr Brown has earned the respect of farmers everywhere. Furthermore, they know they can trust him. |
_Generally speaking
| _used for showing that what you are saying is usually true, but not in every instance. | _Genel konuşma | _Generally speaking, pet owners are law-abiding citizens. |
_Hence
_Hence can be used in the following ways:
as a way of starting a sentence, clause, or phrase, showing how it is related to what has just been said: | _ | _Crime is on the increase; hence the need for more police. |
| _as an ordinary adverb (following expressions of time): | _ | _We must await the result of the election two weeks hence. |
| _used for introducing something that is a result of the fact that has just been stated | _Bundan dolayı. | _His grandfather was Greek; hence the surname:
Alcohol can cause liver failure and hence death:
It is reaning outside, hence , I will wear my raincoat. |
| _used for saying how many years, months, or days from now something will happen | _Şu andan itibaren.. içinde | _The new model is to be released four years hence. (= in four years) . |
_However
_However can be used in the following ways:
as an adverb showing how a sentence is related to what has already been said. | _Mamafi | _Prices have been rising. It is unlikely, however, that this increase will continue.:
as an adverb (before an adjective or adverb): However hard he tried, he could not control his feelings:
(before ‘much’ or ‘many’): However much they earn, they will never be satisfied:
(starting a question): However did you manage to make him change his mind?:
as a conjunction (joining two clauses): You can arrange the furniture however you want:
However you look at it, it’s an enormous problem: |
| _used when you are saying something that seems surprising after your previous statement, or that makes your previous statement seem less true. | _Halbuki | _The president was confident of success. His advisers were not so sure, however:
Diamond mining is a highly profitable industry. There are, however, certain risks involved: |
| _used when you are changing the subject. | _ama | _I’m delighted I could be here today. However, I didn’t come here to talk about myself. |
| _spoken used. instead of ‘how’ in questions for emphasizing that you think something is surprising | _Nasıl | _‘The original documents got lost.’ ‘However did that happen?’ |
| _in whatever way someone chooses | _Her nasıl | _We let the kids decorate their rooms however they want to:
However you look at it, this is very worrying news. |
_In accordance with
| _official instructions or advice about how to do something. | _Göre, uyarınca | _Refugees’ applications are handled in accordance with United Nations guidelines. |
_In addition
| _used for adding an extra piece of information to what has already been said or written. | _Ek olarak | _People gain valuable work experience and, in addition, employers can afford to employ them. |
_In case
| _in order to be prepared for something that may happen | _Halinde. Her ihtimale karşı | _Take an umbrella in case it rains:
just in case: I’ll make some sandwiches, just in case we get hungry later on:
in case of: In case of bad weather, the wedding will be held indoors. |
_In conclusion
| _used in writing or formal speech for showing that the next thing you say will be the last thing you say. | _Sonuç olarak | _In conclusion, I would like to thank everyone who helped to make this event possible. |
_In connection with
| _relating to something. | _Bağlantılı olarak | _Police want to talk to him in connection with his wife’s disappearance. |
_In contrast to
| _to be very different from something else. | _.kıyasla, aksine, tezat | _Her views stand in stark contrast to those of her colleagues. |
_In fact
| _used for saying what is really true, when this is surprising or different from what people think. | _Gerçekte | _He was paid money for a job that did not in fact exist:
In actual fact, she was quite right. |
| _used when you are adding something to what you have just said, especially something surprising. | _Hatta | _I haven’t seen him for years. In fact, I can’t even remember what he looks like:
She’s a friend of mine, a very close friend in fact. |
_In my opinion
| _used for expressing your opinion about something, especially when you are sure that you are right. | _Kanımca | _In my opinion, he’s making a big mistake. |
| _In my humble opinion. | _Düşünceme göre. | _In my humble opinion, he’s making a big mistake. |
_In order that
| _so that something can happen | _amacıyla, -ması için, -sın diye. | _Regular checks are required in order that safety standards are maintained. |
_In other words
| _used for introducing another way of saying or explaining something, especially a more simple way. | _Diğer bir deyişle. | _These were people who fought for money – mercenaries, in other words. |
_In short
| _used for introducing a summary of something that you have just said. | _Kısacası, uzun lafın kısası. | _Inflation is down, spending is up. In short, the economy is in good shape. |
_In spite of
| _used for referring to a fact that makes something else surprising. | _Rağmen | _In spite of feeling tired, we decided to go out:
a sweet smile in spite of all her problems:
in spite of the fact that: The house will certainly sell, in spite of the fact that it’s overpriced. |
_In summary
| _used at the end of a talk or piece of writing for introducing a short statement that gives only basic information or opinions. | _Özetle | _In summary, nobody knows where the disease originated. |
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